PCH 12 Carrier Sense Multiple Access and Collision Detect <<
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PCH 12 Evolution of Standards(標準的演變)
learning objectives/學習目標
Recognize the typical network standards.
識別典型的網絡標準。
Finally, we need to discuss the various standards we use in Ethernet in terms of bandwidth and distance limitations.
最後，我們需要討論帶寬和距離限制方面在以太網中使用的各種標準。
The Ethernet standard also determines the type of cable, its bandwidth, and its distance limitation. It is important to know these standards, especially those that relate to a category 3, 5, 5e, and 6 cabling standard.
以太網標準還確定電纜的類型，帶寬和距離限制。重要的是要知道這些標準，尤其是與3、5、5e和6類佈線標準有關的標準。
When discussing data flow and speed, the two terms referred to are bandwidth and throughput. Often used interchangeably, the two terms are different and need to be understood. Simply put, bandwidth is the theoretical maximum of the given standard, whereas throughput is the actual potential in a real-world scenario. Many factors affect actual throughput, such as half-duplex vs. full-duplex, cable length, and quality. Both bandwidth and throughput are measured in bits per second (bps) with the prefix K (kilobit), M (megabit), or G (gigabit). Each Ethernet category (cat) cable supports a different Ethernet standard and thereby determines the bandwidth capacity or maximum throughput. The table below shows the bandwidth according to Ethernet type.
在討論數據流和速度時，所指的兩個術語是帶寬和吞吐量。這兩個術語通常可以互換使用，它們是不同的，這是需要去理解的。簡而言之，帶寬是給定標準的理論最大值，而吞吐量是實際情況下的實際數值。許多因素會影響實際吞吐量，例如半雙工與全雙工，電纜長度和質量。帶寬和吞吐量均以每秒比特數（bps）以及前綴K（千bit），M（兆bit）或G（千兆bit）來衡量。每條以太網類別電纜均支持不同的以太網標準，從而確定帶寬容量或最大吞吐量。下表顯示了根據以太網類型的帶寬。
PCH 12 Planning a Basic Network Connection Using 100 or 1000BaseT
(使用100 / 1000BaseT規劃基本網絡連接)
learning objectives/學習目標
Plan a basic network connection using 100BaseT.
使用100BaseT規劃基本的網絡連接。
Now that you have a general understanding of networking hardware, application of standards for LANs (local area networks) and WANs (wide area networks), and the limitations of the media used, you should be able to plan adding a network node to an already existing network. For example, you could add a new computer to your company’s wired LAN. In such situations, the majority of the hardware installation is plug and play (PnP), but you still have to know that the hardware and media chosen are correct, configure software settings for network access, and verify the new hardware will function properly to allow user access to all network resources.
既然您已經對網絡硬件，LAN（局域網）和WAN（廣域網）的標準的應用以及所用媒體的限制有了一般的了解，那麼你應該能夠計劃將網絡節點添加到已經現有網絡。例如，你可以將新計算機添加到公司的有線局域網中。在這種情況下，大多數硬件安裝都是即插即用（PnP），但你仍然必須知道所選的硬件和媒體是正確的，配置用於網絡訪問的軟件設置，並驗證新硬件是否正常運行以允許用戶訪問所有網絡資源。
Current technology in most small office/home office (SOHO) environments will have auto-sensing networking hardware. There are older switches and routers that still remain in some networks that do not have the ability to run at 100/1000BaseT, so check your network documentation!
大多數小型辦公室/家庭辦公室（SOHO）環境中的當前技術都將具有自動感應網絡硬件。在某些網絡中仍然存在一些較舊的交換機和路由器，這些交換機和路由器仍無法在100 / 1000BaseT上運行，因此請查看你的網絡文檔！
Media/媒體
Installing a wired connection onto the network means knowing if the NIC (network interface card) of the device can also auto-negotiate throughput based on the cable media used. Again, new or current technology should be auto-sensing and auto-negotiating (speed, duplex mode and other network parameters). The most important decision for the technician is selecting the correct type of Ethernet cable to connect the device. Recall that the cable standards will restrict distance as well as throughput. A cat 5 cable was standard for 100BaseT but will limit throughput to 100 Mbps so you must use cat 5e or cat 6 if you are trying to achieve 1000BaseT (1 Gbps).
在網絡上安裝有線連接意味著要知道設備的NIC（網絡接口卡）是否還可以根據所使用的電纜介質自動協商吞吐量。同樣，新技術或當前技術應該是自動感應和自動協商（速度，雙工模式和其他網絡參數）。對於技術人員而言，最重要的決定是選擇正確的以太網電纜類型來連接設備。回想一下，電纜標準將限制距離以及吞吐量。 Cat 5電纜是100BaseT的標準配置，但會將吞吐量限制為100 Mbps，因此，如果要實現1000BaseT（1 Gbps），則必須使用Cat 5e或Cat 6。
Most current SOHO environments will have Ethernet wall jacks internally connecting to the next network device, be it a switch or a hub. But, if there is not a connection already present, you must remember that all copper-based Ethernet cable is limited to 100 meters. Do not run the wire in an area where the cabling can cause a safety hazard, become damaged due to environmental conditions, or suffer from electromagnetic interference (EMI).
當前大多數SOHO環境將在內部將以太網牆壁插孔連接到下一個網絡設備，無論是交換機還是集線器。但是，如果尚不存在連接，則必須記住所有基於銅纜的以太網電纜限制為100米。請勿在可能會導致安全隱患、因環境條件而損壞電纜或遭受電磁干擾（EMI）的區域中佈線。
Verify Connectivity/驗證連接性
After the machine is connected and powered on (assuming Windows 7 or later), watch the system tray after boot-up to see if there is a wired network icon. The standard Windows 7 icons are:
連接機器並打開電源後（假設使用Windows 7或更高版本），啟動後請查看系統托盤，以查看是否有有線網絡圖標。 Windows 7的標準圖標是：
Wired network icons. Images used under CC-BY license from Russell Burchill.
Access the “network sharing center” to select the type of network access you need to have and add any devices required for the node (e.g., a printer). Verify access by opening the browser or using a command line tool to verify connectivity and addressing.
訪問“網絡共享中心”以選擇所需的網絡訪問類型，並添加該節點所需的任何設備（例如打印機）。通過打開瀏覽器或使用命令行工具來驗證訪問權限，以驗證連接性和地址。
PCH 12 Carrier Sense Multiple Access and Collision Detect <<
Previous Next >> PCH 12 Differentiating Between Ethernet and TCP or IP
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